This behavior, known as the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, has baffled researchers for over two decades. It shows up in biological processes like photosynthesis and cellular ...

This schematic illustrates how regulating electron spin states through six key strategies—including defect engineering, valence modulation, and magnetic field application—can optimize catalytic ...

Protons are the basis of bioenergetics. We know them, in our everyday life, from the pH values we see on various soaps and lotions. But the ability to move them through biological systems is essential ...