Stephen has degrees in science (Physics major) and arts (English Literature and the History and Philosophy of Science), as well as a Graduate Diploma in Science Communication. Stephen has degrees in ...

Biological systems have caught the attention of computer scientists, who have been turning everything from RNA molecules to entire bacterial colonies into logic gates. So far, however, these systems ...

If the planet Vulcan had microbes, they might look something like this. Scientists have engineered bacteria that can perform four basic operations of logic: AND, OR, NAND and NOR. By combining these ...

The intersection of machine learning and mathematical logic — spanning computer science, pure mathematics, and statistics — has catalyzed recent advances in artificial intelligence and deep learning ...

The field of interpretability investigates what machine learning (ML) models are learning from training datasets, the causes and effects of changes within a model, and the justifications behind its ...

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I have a mathematical tattoo on my left forearm. It’s in Frege’s notation (from “Grundgesetze der Arithmetik”), which was one of the first modern logical notations. If it were written on a flat ...

We are at a critical time and supporting climate journalism is more important than ever. Science News and our parent organization, the Society for Science, need your help to strengthen environmental ...